Science images

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mass spectroscopy Helium is applied broadly in science and technology, from nuclear magnetic resonance to computer microchip production and devices like this mass spectroscopy apparatus.		3 fossils Erik Trinkaus A human jawbone (left), dated to between 34,000 and 36,000 years ago, along with a facial skeleton (center) and a temporal bone (right), both of which are still undergoing analysis, but are likely to be the same age as the jawbone.		AAAS annual mtg. logo		AAAS logo
aftershock map Image courtesy of CERI A map of the surrounding area and aftershocks felt from the April 18 earthquake.		Al-Dahhan David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Muthanna Al-Dahhan (left) and graduate student Rajneesh Varma are researching effective ways to take agricultural waste and make biofuel out of it.		Alian Wang-Mars		alligator on stilts Image courtesy of Karin Peyer, 2001 Postosuchus, the "alligator on stilts,' was quite a mover in its day.
allison miller with man Courtesy of Allison Miller and Missouri Botanical Garden		amend underwater		amend, jan in water		Angenent in lab II
angenent w/student David Kilper / WUSTL Photo		Angenent, Lars Lars Angenent holds a biosampler while postdoctoral researcher Bala Ramaswami works behind him. Angenent and a team of researchers used a molecular technique to identify a bioaerosol that made lifeguards working at a hot water therapy pool ill.		angenent, lars with fuel cell David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Lars Angenent, Ph.D., assistant professor of energy, environmental and chemical engineering, points to the mixed medium of thousands of organisms that help turn treated wastewater into electricity in this microbial fuel cell.		anolis lizard Photo by Jonathan Losos Anolis grahami, a trunk-crown anole, lives high on the trunk and among among branches in Jamaica
Antarctica airplane		Antarctica_researchers		arabidopsis		arabidopsis plant Image courtesy of NASA
Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana		Aristo robot Aristo, the Washington University robot, uses sensor networks to avoid simulated "fire" - red cups - while navigating near "safe" areas,which are blue cups.		arizona logo		arrow brain graphic Joshua Brown/WUSTL Researchers provided study participants with a series of blue or white cues and asked them to push one button or another depending on the direction of arrows. Brain imaging suggested that an area of the brain had ?learned? to recognize that blue cues indicated a greater potential for error, thus providing an early warning signal that negative consequences were likely to follow their behavior.
Arvidson Heet Phoenix Mission Tabatha Heet, a junior earth and planetary sciences major and Pathfinder student, shows Ray Arvidson, earth and planetary sciences department chair, a potential landing site for the Phoenix mission to Mars.		arvidson signing document David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Raymond E. Arvidson, Ph.D., James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor, and chair of earth and planetary sciences (left), and Dong Shuwen, Ph.D., vice president of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, sign an agreement between Arivdison's department and the Academy to collaborate on various research projects, among them the analysis and archiving of remote sensing data from the Chinese lunar probe project, Chang?E-1, set to be launched next month. The agreement was signed Sept.18, 2007 at WUSTL.		arvidson with students For many undergraduates, the idea of determining the landing site for a Mars Rover or taking pictures with its robotic arm is something from a science fiction movie. But Raymond E. Arvidson, James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Arts & Sciences and Chair of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, has made it a reality for some students.		arvidson yellow bar
astronaut behnken		Banana dumptruck WUSTL Image/Eric Patton Mental Imagery Memorization Strategy: Forming an interactive mental image of an object, such as this animated cartoon of a truck dumping an oversized banana, is one of the four main memorization strategies commonly employed by participants in the Neuron study.		barch, deanna with patient WUSTL psychology researcher and study co-author Deanna Barch (center) discusses brain imaging techniques used in the experiment, which At used the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machine (shown at right) to monitor brain activity as people with schizophrenia performed a series of memory-related tasks.		Bayly Taber lab David Kilper/WUSTL Photo
bee close up		bee on flower		Biological Chip David Kilper/WUSTL Photo The electrodes on this chip (about an inch long and a half-inch wide) can monitor the biological behavior of 12,000 molecules simultaneously.		Biswas Water David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Pratim Biswas and his group have developed a method to make a variety of oxide semiconductors that, when put into water promote chemical reactions that split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
biswas, pratim in lab		blankenship lab David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Robert Blankenship, professor of biology and chemistry at Washington University in St. Louis, holds the cyanobacteria Acaryochloris marina, a rare bacterium that uses chlorophyll d for photosynthesis. Blankenship led the group that sequenced the organism's genome, which was the first chlorophyll d-containing organism to be sequenced.		bonanza family		bonobo with baby Image courtesy of Marian Brickner
bottle and tap water David Kilper / WUSTL Photo		brain info diagrams Graphic by Kathleen McDermott A related-word recall test used to study false memories has proven to be especially effective in spurring activity in the brain?s key language processing areas.		brain resting areas Image courtesy of Cindy Lustig Parts of the brain involved in a "resting network" show large differences between young adults, older adults, and people with Alzheimer's disease.		brain surgery Jeff Ojemann/University of Washington Improved techniques for the mapping of the brain's language areas using functional magnetic resonance imaging (top) may replace much more invasive pre-surgery mapping techniques, such as electrocortical stimulation (bottom), which requires a patient to be awake and conversant while surgeons probe exposed brain areas in an effort to locate and map language-related functions.
brain/stoplight graphic Joshua Brown of WUSTL A new theory suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex, described by some scientists as part of the brain?s ?oops center,? may actually function as an early warning system -- one that works at a subconscious level to help us recognize and avoid high-risk situations.		Braude, Stanton Stanton Braude		brent-doering		calm sea
canola vortex Clip of the award-winning video that shows (from left) canola oil, STP fuel oil and STP fuel additive mixing with water.		Chemical Library 02		cheney speech 'Kinder, genter' A system developed by a biomedical engineer at WUSTL could aid thousands of heart patients like U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney, who wears an implantable cardioverter defibrillator inside his chest.		Chicago 1968 Dem. convention
Coach - wrestling kids Photo courtesy University of Iowa		Computer Library		comstock lode cross		Cotton picker Photo courtesy USDA A WUSTL biologist has advanced the understanding of plant cell walls, which are crucial to plants such as cotton, which needs the cell wall to impart elasticity in cotton fibers.
Couple in Hot Tub		crab fossil This well-preserved fossil of a crab was found within inches of a dinosaur tail in Egypt's Bahariya Oasis, the first evidence in literature of the two found together.		Criss - survey Robert Criss, Ph.D., professor of earth and planetary sciences in Arts & Sciences, has analyzed data from the Lewis and Clark expedition and says it shows that the Missouri River today is but a shadow of what it was two hundred years ago, narrower and more prone to serious flooding.		cyanobacteria Unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, shown in this light micrograph, play an important role in the oceanic nitrogen cycle.
cyanobacteria pakrasi Image courtesy of The Pakrasi Lab		dance floor construction		dance floor lit		daydream brain Image courtesy of Benjamin Shannon, John Cirrito, and Robert Brendza Washington University in St. Louis Brain regions active during default mental tates in young adults reveal remarkable correlation with those regions showing Alzheimer's disease pathology.
democratic convention 68 order		Donkey skeletons		dual image Plaque image courtesy of NIH A twenty-eight-day old Physcomitrella (left) moss gametophyte has a surprising link to an amyloid plaque, (right) found in brains that have Alzheimer's disease.		duncan lab David Kilper / WUSTL Photo
Eagle bones		earth from space Image courtesy of NASA "How the Earth Works" is a boxed set of 48 30-minute video lectures developed and delivered by WUSTL's Michael E. Wysession. The lectures explore every aspect of the Earth and are designed to appeal to the curious lay public.		Earthlike planet Image courtesy of NASA This is an artit's rendition of an Earthlike extrasolar planet and its sun. WUSTL planetary chemist Bruce Fegley says new computer models can make predicitons on what the atmospheric chemistry of such planets might be.		earthquake damage What should the Midwest do before and after a major earthquake?
earthquake map Image courtesy CERI Map of the region surrounding Memphis, TN. Darker orange area is covered by think sediments called the Mississippi embayment, that affect how the ground shakes during earthquakes. White lines indicate likely locations of faults, and black dots show the locations of earthquakes since the mid-1970s.		Earthquake Model The figure shows the dynamics of a slab-tear earthquake (top), compared with a shallow thrust earthquake (bottom). The slab-tearing event typically doesn't feature an accompanying tsunami.		Einstein / sky ? Punchstock Einstein predicted that the Earth would warp space as it rotates.		Elbert and Alford Photo by David Kilper / WUSTL Photo New biomaterials greatly reduce the risk of blood clotting.
elemental sulfur on mountain Elemental sulfur atop La Fossa, Vulcano. The islands of Lipari and Salina are in the background.		Enceladus moon NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute		EPA - Backus Photo by Joe Angeles / WUSTL Photo Bruce Backus (left), Washington University assistant vice chancellor of environmental health and safety, and United States Environmental Proteaction Agency Administrator Stephen L. Johnson.		EPA - Vapor Hood Photo by Joe Angeles / WUSTL Photo
epilepsy drug / worm CREDIT: THE NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE Staying alive. Anticonvulsant drugs promote longevity in roundworms like this one.		Ernst Zimmer		Europa NASA		Europa ice shell NASA/JPL Thick or thin ice shell on Jupiter’s moon Europa? Scientists are all but certain that Europa has an ocean underneath its surface ice, but do not know how thick this ice might be. This artists’ conception illustrates two possible cut-away views through Europa’s ice shell. In both heat escapes, possibly volcanically, from Europa’s rocky mantle and is carried upward by buoyant oceanic currents. If the heat from below is intense and the ice shell is thin enough (left), the ice shell can directly melt, causing what are called “chaos” on Europa, regions of what appear to be broken, rotated, and tilted ice blocks. On the other hand, if the ice shell is sufficiently thick (right), the less intense interior heat will be transferred to the warmer ice at the bottom of the shell, and additional heat is generated by tidal squeezing of the warmer ice. This warmer ice will slowly rise, flowing as glaciers do on Earth, and the slow but steady motion may also disrupt the extremely cold, brittle ice at the surface. Europa is no larger than Earth’s moon, and its internal heating stems from its eccentric orbit about Jupiter, seen in the distance. As tides raised by Jupiter in Europa’s ocean rise and fall, they may cause cracking, additional heating, and even venting of water vapor into the airless sky above Europa’s icy surface. (Artwork by Michael Carroll.)
eurpoa exploration NASA/JPL Possible Sequence of Europa Exploration. Almost 30 years ago, Voyagers 1 and 2 (lower left) made their historic rendezvous with the Jupiter system, and first revealed Europa’s icy covered surface to human eyes. In 1995 the Galileo spacecraft went into orbit about Jupiter, and for years studied the giant planet and its major moons. From this mission, we learned that Europa is a world covered with a global ocean about 100 km (60 miles) deep, and that this ocean was capped, liked the Earth’s Arctic Ocean, with a shell of solid ice. To learn more about this ocean and the ice shell above, and especially to investigate ocean’s suitability to sustain life, will require the next step, a future mission dedicated to exploring Europa from orbit about the moon itself (center). Both NASA and ESA (the European Space Agency) are actively studying launching such a mission in the next 10 years. If such a mission is launched, and depending on what is found, future missions to Europa may involve landers or even autonomous vehicles - called cryobots (upper right) - that melt through the ice to explore the ocean below, perhaps sometime later in this century.		exoplanet		Fattening Ice Cream		Fay, Michael (Picture - PBS) J. Michael Fay, Explorer
fegley and schaefer David Kilper/WUSTL Photo		fegley with venus rock David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Bruce Fegley, Jr., Ph.D., professor of earth and planetary sciences in Arts & Sciences, and Laura Schaefer, resarch assistant in the Planetary Chemistry Laboratory, with a chunk of galena, or lead sulfite. The researchers have determined that the feature on Venus that looks like snow is composed of both lead and bismuth sulfides, settling a long-time controversy in the planetary community.		fish in water Male Bahamas mosquitofish (left) chasing a female (right) in a blue hole on Andros Island, The Bahamas.		fitter families Photo and caption courtesy of U. of Oregon
flanagan, kathryn Flanagan		Flood photo Image courtesy of NOAA WUSTL geologist Robert Criss warns of "serious water" that could give some areas their second worst flood on record.		fMRI and slimy brain Jeff Ojemann/University of Washington Improved techniques for the mapping of the brain?s language areas using functional magnetic resonance imaging (top) may replace much more invasive pre-surgery mapping techniques, such as electrocortical stimulation (right), which requires a patient to be awake and conversant while surgeons identify areas vital to language function.		Fossett / GlobalFlyer Rob Layman/Valley Press, via AP Steve Fossett, the pilot, taking the GlobalFlyer for a test flight last month over Mojave, Calif.
frog foot Copyright Pieter Johnson		frog no leg Copyright Pieter Johnson		fruit fly head		Gell-Mann, Murray Gell-Mann
Genesis Crashed USAF 388th Range Sqd		Giammar		giammar and water David Kilper / WUSTL Photo		Giering, Jeffery Jeffery Giering plays his electric violin as a means of unwinding from his studies and research.
GIS		glacier Image courtesy USGS A team of geologists from China and the United States, including two from WUSTL, report evidence of at least three ice ages occurring between 750 and 600 million years.		Griggs, Laurel (lab) Laurel E. Griggs (right) explains some of her research to fellow students. Griggs, 20, graduated with two undergraduate degrees and a masters, a Hertz and a Fulbright Fellowship.		hands off computer
hands on computer Images courtesy of Richard Abrams		hearing A mathematician and doctoral student in electrical engineering at Washington Unviersity in St. Louis have devised a hearing test that measures the auditory brainstem response (ABR) twenty times faster than current methodology.		Herzog - mice Photo by David Kilper / WUSTL Photo A team led by Erik Herzog (shown in laboratory) has discovered a large biological clock in the smelling center of mice brains and has shown that the sense of smell for mice is stronger at night, peaking in evening hours and waning during day light hours.		Herzog, Erik - lab
historical missouri Washington University earth and planetary scientists say the present-day Mirrouri River is narrower and more prone to flooding because of extensive damming of the river, especially in the 20th century.		Hobbit Fossil Photo by Robert Boston		Hot Spring In Old Faithful Carrine Blank/WUSTL Photo A hot spring at old faithful in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. A WUSTL scientist suggests that Cyanobacteria arose in freshwater environments rather than in the sea.		hubble telescope Photo courtesy of NASA
humans on mars NASA image Mars Exploration Rover mission scientists remind us that the amazing success of the rovers Spirit and Opportunity is a harbinger for the day when humans inhabit the Red Planet.		Ideally, we could use version similar to powerpoint slide #1, which has labels in the image that ide Graphic by Kathleen McDermott		Indian Cotton 1 An Indian woman picks cotton in a field in the Warangal District of Ahdhra Pradesh in India. Glenn D. Stone, Ph.D., professor of anthroplogy and environmental studies in Arts & Sciences, has studied how the arrival of genetically modified crops has affected farmers in a key area of the developing world.		Indian Cotton 2
invert frog foot Pieter Johnson		Io moon		Iraqi smoke		jet propulsion laboratory logo
Jon Chase and pond WUSTL senior Ruth Poland and Jonathan Chase, Ph.D., associate professor of biology and director of WUSTL's Tyson Research Center, check species out in one of Tyson's ponds. In a new study, Chase reports that ponds in a region following drought repopulate in a very similar way in a "keeping up with the Joneses" manner.		josh smith in desert		Josh Smith, Libyan rock		Kidder hole Kidder analyzes the varied colors and layers of the soils of Mound A, which are a result of the building process.
Kidder main T.R. Kidder (seated in white shirt), assistant professor of anthropology in Arts & Sciences, discusses the stratigraphy of Poverty Point's largest mound, Mound A, with Anthony Ortmann (left), graduate student at Tulane University, and Jon Gibson, professor of anthropology at Louisiana-Lafayette University.		korotev w/rock 2		korotev, randy with meteorite		krantz book
krantz book		kranz lab David Kilper/WUSTL Photo (Left to right) Cindy Richard-Fogal, Ph.D., research scientist in biology in Arts & Sciences, Elaine Frawley, graduate research assistant and Robert Kranz, Ph.D., professor of biology in Arts & Sciences, examine an E. coli culture. Kranz has been funded 22 years continuously by NIH and is exploring bioelectricty generation and energy pathways, among other things.		kumon math program David Kilper/WUSTL Photo (Left to right) Kumon-Ladue Assistant Instructor Brooke Taylor, a WUSTL Ph.D. student in English literature; first-grader Marley Hermann; Senior Professor of computer science and engineering and Instructor at Kumon-Ladue, Dan Kimura and second-grader Samantha Hermann go over math problems during a session at the Kumon-Ladue math program on Clayton Road in Ladue. The Hermann girls are sisters. Supplemental math programs, such as Kumon, Singapore and Saxon, are gaining popularity. Kumon math has nearly 180,000 students enrolled in the United States and more than four million worldwide.		langerhaus lab Doctoral candidates Brian Langerhans (left) and Liam Revell discuss research. Langerhans specializes in the study of ecological factors that shape the evolution of body forms.
laser lab Holten David Kilper/WUSTL Photo		Leg Length and Strengh Herman Pontzer, Ph.D., associate professor of physical anthropology in Arts & Sciences, has developed a mathematical model which shows that having longer legs mean less force production and lower energy cost.		levee Photo courtesy of USGS Levees are not infalliable.		Lewis Kevin Goodier Lewis, the world's first robotic photographer, will snap party photos.
Lewis Meet Lewis the wedding photographer, a five-foot tall, 300 -pound red trash can look-alike, considered the world's first robotic photographer. Lewis doesn?t crack wise as he shoots; instead, he emits high-tech whirs and hums as he goes about a room, finding faces to photograph.		lewis & clark Lewis and Clark Missouri River data reveal a broader, healthier stream.		lewis and clark Lewis and Clark		Lewis small Lewis, the photographer and robot
lewisauthors		Liquid Metal		lizards Courtesy photo Biologists at Washington University in St. Louis studying groups of lizards have proposed a general pattern among groups in the timing of evolutionary diversification.		lockwood, john
Lodders David Kilper/WUSTL photo Dimitri Mendeleyev, a Russian, and Lothar Meyer, a German, published early versions of periodic tables in 1869 and 1870, respectively. Well, roll over, Mendeleyev, tell Meyer the news: Washington University's Katharina Lodders has developed an innovative periodic table, slanted toward astronomy, that's definitely not your father's periodic table.		Loeb, Carol and Jerome Carol and Jerome Loeb		losos lizard on shoulder Photo by David Kilper Professor Losos displays lab mascot, Morton, an Australian-bearded dragon.		losos w team member Photo by David Kilper Professor Jonathan Losos (left) and his research team, including doctoral student Jason Kolbe, study species in their natural habitat, so none exist in their lab. However the lab is not free from denizens; on Losos' arm is Grendel, a prehensile-tailed skink.
Lowry, Bill		lox lizard Photo courtesy U.S. Geological Survey/SOFIA Genetic studies performed by Washington University biologists shows that the sunshine State is the exporter of brown lizards to other countries.		Lunar eclipse		madagascar map Madagascar, an island unto itself.
magic mark II Joe Angeles/WUSTL Photo "Magic Mark," a.k.a. Chancellor Mark S. Wrighton, wows audiences with his chemistry experiments		Magic Mark in action Joe Angeles/WUSTL Photo Chancellor ??Magic?? Mark S. Wrighton drives nails made of rubber exposed to liquid nitrogen during his chemistry magic show.		manand ancient animal Image by Trent L. Schindler, Nat'l Science Foundation, Arlington, VA		Mariana before-after
Mariana brian-sara		Mariana NASA		Mariana volcano		Mars - Columbia Hills Photo Coutesy NASA/JPL On to Columbia Hills (background). Rover Spirit is wrapping up its tasks at Crater Bonneville.
Mars - El Capitan Photo courtesy NASA/JPL/Cornell A close up of the rock dubbed "El Capitan."		Mars - husband hill Courtesy of NASA		Mars - rover Courtesy NASA/JPL/Cornell Artist's rendition of the rover on Mars.		Mars - Upper Dells Photo courtesy NASA/JPL/Cornell/USGS This magnified view from Opportunity of a portion of a martian rock called "Upper Dells" shows fine layers (laminae) that are truncated, discordant and at angles to each other. Interpretive black lines trace cross-lamination that indicates the sediments that formed the rock were laid down in flowing water. The interpretive blue lines point to boundaries between possible sets of cross-laminae.
Mars - White Boat Photo courtesy NASA/JPL/Cornell This is a composite red-green-blue image of the rock called White Boat.		Mars bacteria (AP) This picture released Friday Jan. 23, 2004 by the European Space Agency (ESA) shows a picture of Mars taken by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on board Mars Express.		Mars Columbia Hills NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/USGS This perspective view looking toward the northeast shows part of the Columbia Hills range inside Gusev Crater. At the center is the winter campaign site of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit.		mars orbiter Image courtesy of NASA The Mars Reconaissance Orbiter (MRO) taking pictures of Mars. Software developed by WUSTL researchers now allows viewers everywhere access to early images from the most powerful spectral camera ever sent to Mars.
Mars Polar Pits NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona. This full-frame image from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows faults and pits in Mars' north polar residual cap that have not been previously recognized.		Mars rover		mars rover Joe Angeles/WUSTL Photo Seven-year-old Richard Edwards works the control platform the Mars rover during a demonstration of space engineering experiments in Lopata Hall. The outreach program aims at capturing students?? interest in science and technology through hands-on participation in actual space projects.		mars rover - reconnaissance The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (above) is poised to go into orbit around Mars in March, then spend about six months aerobraking to place the spacecraft in a low circular orbit by this fall. Roger Phillips, Ph.D., WUSTL professor of earth and planetary sciences and director of the university's McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, is lending his expertise in radar for both the MRO and for the European Space Agency's Mars Express.
Mars rover1 An image from the rover Opportunity near a trough dubbed "Anatolia."		Mars rover1		mars scenario NASA image Carinne Blank (below) has a method she uses to date ancient life forms that could be helpful for specimens from Mars.		Mars sea Image courtesy of NASA An artist's rendition of a sea on Mars
Mars ticket? (P-D)		Marsa Strata NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona.		medical botany book		memory lewis w/plant David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Memory Elvin-Lewis in the Goldfarb Greenhouse inspects a kava plant. Elvin-Lewis has written a chapter in a new book that is critical of the unregulated U.S. herbal trade.
Mendeleev Courtesy photo Dimitri Mendeleyev, a Russian, and Lothar Meyer, a German, published early versions of periodic tables in 1869 and 1870, respectively.		meshik lab David Kilper / WUSTL Photo		meshik with quarter		Metal Glass Collector NASA/JSC
Microfluid Photo by David Kilper / WUSTL Photo Shen designs microfluidic devices to study a wide variety of complex fluids and how they behave hydrodynamically on a very small scale, anything" hard to see with the naked eye," she says.		military robot Image courtesy U.S. Army WUSTL's Patrick Crowley is proposing a novel network for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to manage information better simultaneously in real-time.		military robot		milling machine Software developed using a concept discovered at WUSTL may be used to optimize high-speed machining processes, leading to lighter, stronger, and more accurate parts for the aircraft or medical device industry.
Moeller Research David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Kevin Moeller's group is pioneering new methods for building libraries of small molecules on addressable electrode arrays.		mole rat		Molecules		molerat/nakedprey
Moon Photo courtesy NASA		Mosquito		mosquito sculpture Courtesy photo Sculpture by Wesley Anderegg, Lompoc, CA		Mouse smell "I smell a rat!" Researchers have found that the sense of smelling in mice is affected by a biological clock devoted entirely to olfaction -- smelling stuff, like sleeping and waking, is on a daily cycle.
MRI of head Photo by Kathleen McDermott Improved functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques are helping doctors avoid damage to language functions during brain surgery.		naked mole rats Image courtesy of the BBC What good is longevity if you end up looking like this? WUSTL biologist Stan Braude, working on a book about the critters, says the naked mole rat is being studied for its tendency to live a long life.		Nanosims		nanowire Courtesy photo Washington University chemists have shown that the shape of nanowires such as this one can affect its electronic and optical properties.
nasa logo		Neandertal-Human The most unusual characteristics throughout human anatomy occur in Modern Humans (left), argues Trinkaus, not in Neadertals (right).		nematode This is C. elegans. Its genome was thought to have been completed until a WUSTL computer scientist applied a computer software program he developed which found scores more genes and predicted the existence of over a thousand more genes.		network diagram Weixiong Zhang has created a mathematical recipe - also known as an algorithm - that automatically discovers communities and their subtle structures in various networks, from the Internet to genetic lattices.
neuroscience book cover		No hands video Photo by David Kilper / WUSTL Photo Researchers have enabled a 14-year-old to play a two-dimensional video game without using his hands, rather the signals from his brain.		nucleus stain Olga Pontes & Craig Pikaard The protein HDA6 shows up as a red stain in this Arabidopsis leaf cell nucleus. Washington University researchers have proven that HDA6 plays a crucial role in gene silencing.		olsen clover David Kilper/WUSTL Photo
Olson-rice Photo by David Kilper / WUSTL Photo Kenneth Olsen, Ph.D., assistant professor of biology in Arts & Sciences, examines a cultivated rice plant in the Goldfarb Greenhouse.		onion molecule Photo courtesy of S. Amari		Outreach - Kids		owen sexton flood David Kilper/WUSTL Photo
P-D chicken (Bill Payne/AP) A red jungle fowl		pacemaker diagram Implantable defibrillators contqaining all the technology of this state-of-the-art defibrillator are downscaled to fit inside a person's chest to monitor heat activity. A biomedical engineer at WUSTL has determined love taps are better than love jolts in addressing arrhythmia.		Pakrasi Photo by David Kilper / WUSTL Photo Himadri Pakrasi explains the photobioreactor in his Rebstock Hall laboratory.		Pakrasi I-Cares photo Joe Angeles/WUSTL Photo Himadri Pakrasi holds a collection of Cyanothece, a one-celled marine cyanobacteria.
parkasi ACE photo		Patrick Shore in Tonga Patrick Shore and grad student David Heeszel working on the seismographs in Tonga.		Petera skull Photo courtesy Muzeul Olteniei / Erik Trinkaus The early modern human cranium from the Petera Muierii, Romania.		phoenix logo
phoenix mars lander		phoenix on mars Image courtesy of NASA The Phoenix Mars Lander on the northern Mars plains, searching for evidence of ice and water.		physcomitrella Photo courtesy of David Cove A colony of 28 day-old Physcomitrella patens grown in laboratory culture showing the green, leafy shoots in the center, with fine, radiating protonemal filaments growing outward.		physcomitrella - quatrano Twenty-eight-day-old Physcomitrella gametophyte showing the leafy gametophores in the center and the protonemal filaments radiating outward.
Pig-key How would you remember this strange image?		pith helmet Image courtesy of the Cellar Store, San Bernardino, CA.		Pollution control Visiting professor Chuen-Jinn Tsai, Ph.D., and Da-Ren Chen, Ph.D., assistant professor of mechanical engineering, discuss the design of their coaxial cyclone.		Pontes, Olga Olga Pontes is Going FISHin'.
pratim biswas in lab David Kilper/WUSTL Photo		Prof. Rudy with Students David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Professor Yoram Rudy (center), with Ph.D. student Yong Wang (left) and post-doctroal fellow Leonid Livshitz (right), with their ECGI system on a mannequin, comment on the cardiac data.		Raman and fish Courtesy of Monterey Bay Area Research Institute A fish on the ocean floor off California gazes at a sight no human has seen first-hand: a modified Raman spectrometer gathering data on a carbon dioxide sample.		rat Computer scientist Michael Brent has developed innovative sequencing techniques that will aid in the sequencing of mammals, such as the recently sequenced laboratory rat above, in the future.
red jungle fowl		remembering vs envisioning Comparing images of brain activity in response to the ?self-remember? and ?self-future? event cues, researchers found a surprisingly complete overlap among regions of the brain used for remembering the past and those used for envisioning the future.		respirator Typical respirators are uncomfortable when worn for long periods. A Washington University environmental engineer has developed a nanofiber material for a mask that would be comprised of just less than two percent material, more than 98 percent air, making for a more comfortable and efficient fit.		respirator large Typical respirators are uncomfortable when worn for long periods. A Washington University environmental engineer has developed a nanofiber material for a mask that would be comprised of just less than two percent material, more than 98 percent air, making for a more comfortable and efficient fit.
Richards with plant Richards has observed the inheritance of epigenetic factors in plants.		Richards, Robert Richards		ringtailed lemur A ringtailed lemur		Robot projector In the Thoroughman laboratory, volunteers play games on a computer screeen using a robotic arm so that Thoroughman and his colleaagues can study how people learn motor skills.
rosie filming		router A router in the new Open Network Laboratory, funded by NSF.		SARS Image With Shirley Dyke Shirley Dyke (left) and Pengcheng Wang adjust wireless sensors onto a model laboratory building in Dyke's laboratory. Dyke is the first person to test wireles sensors in simulated structural control experiments She envisions a wireless future for structural control technology.		schilling demonstrates
Science cover Credit:NASA/JPL Cover of Science Magazine devoted to Opportunity rover initial results.		science mag cover WUSTL researchers produced this micrograph of an E. coli bacterium (purple) inside a bacterial pod on the inner surface of a mouse bladder. Scientists found that the bacteria's ability to team up to form structures that protect them from immune system defenses may be linked to the recurrent urinary tract infections that plague some women.		science outreach Photo by David Kilper		Science Outreach Logo
science teacher outreach David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Christy Moore, science teacher in the Maplewood-Richmond Heights School District, and Patrick Gibbons, Ph.D., professor of physics, conduct an acceleration exercise at a Physics First workshop put on by WUSTL's Science Outreach Program earlier this summer.		Scientist in Cave		shen award		silicate photo
Skink		smith group photo		Smoke Stacks		South African fossil This 2.5-million-year-old fossil "robust" skull of an Australopithecus africanus from Sterkfontein Caves in South Africa shows how natural selection then played a major role in determining facial structures.
soybeans		Spinosauraus bones This photograph of Spinosaurus dinosaur bones that Josh Smith found in a German museum is the only photographic proof of German researcher Ernst Stromer's discovery of Spinosaurus, a dinosaur similar in size to the famed Tyranosaurus rex. All but Stromer's drawings of his find were lost when the Allies bombed out the Munich museum where the materials were held. The photo is significantly historically but also as a comparison of Stromer's drawing for a bettter understanding of the species' skeleton.		Star formation NASA/JPL-Caltech/E.Churchwell (U. of Wisconsin The nebula RCW49 is a nursery for newborn stars and exists in circumstellar space, where chemistry is done for the very first time.		Stardust Crater WUSTL Image
Strangelet Photo courtesy NASA Strange Brew: Astronomers are debating whether the matter in these stars is composed of free quarks or crystals of sub-nuclear particles, rather than neutrons.		Streamers and pustular mats Carrine Blank/WUSTL Photo Streamers and pustular mats from Yellowstone National Park containing Cyanobacteria, important organisms in the evolution of more complex organisms.		sundial David Kilper/WUSTL Photo A group of about 45 sundial enthusiasts will tour 15 St. Louis area sundials, which measure time by the position of the sun, on Aug. 8. Among the sundials included is this vertical one on the Cupples I building on the Danforth campus at Washington University in St. Louis. The WUSTL sundial marks its 100th birthday in 2008. It was donated to the university by the class of 1908. Between civil (legal) time (the kind on our wrist watches) and solar time, only solar time is truly scientific.		superconductor Image courtesy of NASA
Sussman and student		Sussman Book		swartout lab David Kilper / WUSTL Photo		T. Rex - Sue
Taco Shell Green Plants Photosynthesis transforms light, carbon dioxide and water into chemical energy in plants and some bacteria.		Templeton large In the 50th year since the discovery of DNA, Washington University evolutionary and population biologist Alan Templeton says that there are not enough genetic differences between groups of people to say that there are sub-lineages (races) of humans.		templeton presentation Courtesy of theage.com.au		Templeton, Alan In the 50th year since the discovery of DNA, Washington University evolutionary and population biologist Alan Templeton says that there are not enough genetic differences between groups of people to say that there are sub-lineages (races) of humans.
Therapy Pool		TIGER project Courtesy photo The Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (TIGER) at the McMurdo base in Anarctica. Aria-9, a joint Washington University/NASA K-12 research project, is scheduled for mid-December; it involves measuring galactic cosmic rays.		timber rattlesnake Timber rattlesnakes like this one are turning up in subdivision yards and brush thanks to developers who are invading the snakes' turf. A collaboration involving a WUSTL researcher focuses on tracking the snakes' populations and behaviors with the aid of an implanted radio transmitter.		Tips 2/07 Green Eric Chou Take the money and run. Studying delayed gratification and risk, Washington University psychologists have found that people are more likely to wait on collecting full-payment for a non-consumable monetary reward than they are for any of three consumable rewards ? beer, candy, and soda.
Tips 2/07 Herzog Eric Chou Erik Herzog and his collaborators have identified the factor in mammalian brain cells that keeps cells in synchrony so that functions like the wake-sleep cycle, hormone secretion and loco motor behaviors are coordinated daily. It's called VIP ? vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ? the rallying protein that signals the brain?s biological clock to coordinate daily rhythms in behavior and physiology.		Tips 2/07 Wysession Eric Chou One of the most dramatic features in the Wysession et. al global mantle shear-wave attenuation model is a very high-attenuation anomaly at the top of the lower mantle beneath eastern Asia. This anomaly is believed due to water that has been pumped into the lower mantle via the long history of the subduction of oceanic lithosphere -- crust and upper mantle -- in this region. The left figure is a slice through the earth, showing the attenuation anomalies within the mantle. The location of the slice -- red line in the upper right figure -- is a map of the seismic attenuation at a depth of roughly 620 miles. In both images, red shows unusually soft and weak rock, and blue shows unusually stiff rock (yellow and white show near-average values). The two figures in the lower right are resolution tests to see if the data have the resolution to retrieve Earth structure in these parts of the Earth. The sharper the black-white transitions are, the better the resolution is		Tomita, Takahiro		tree hole
Trinkaus China		trinkaus foot Erik Trinkaus / Czech Academy of Sciences A 26,000 year-old early modern human showing the reduced strength of the bones of the lesser toes.		Trinkaus with jaw bone David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Erik Trinkaus, professor of anthropology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, with a human jawbone from a Romanian bear cave. The jawbone was dated to between 34,000 and 36,000 years ago, making it the earliest known modern human fossil in Europe.		Trinkus with skull Joe Angeles/WUSTL Photo Erik Trinkaus, WUSTL professor of anthropology in Arts & Sciences, holding a Neandertal skull, says the evidence is very convincing that Neandertals and early humans mixed.
turtle		underwater research - Jan Amend Jan Amend and Franco Italiano prepare for a dive to sample the hydrothermal vent fluids at Campo Sette and La Calcara near Panarea.		Vegetable oil		Video Game Photo by David Kilper / WUSTL Photo Kurt Thoroughman (background) observes his graduate student Jordan Taylor play a video game in the laboratory. Thoroughman and Jordan have tested human subjeccts and determined that the richness of motor training determines not only what humans learn but how they learn.
volcano research		Waveguide Photo by David Kilper / WUSTL Photo Donald Elbert (left) working with his graduate student Evan Scott at the optical waveguide light spectroscope to observe proteins sticking to a polymer surface in their Whitaker Building laboratory.		wernicke's area Graphic by Kathleen McDermott The Broca and Wernicke language areas are typically concentrated in two particular regions of the brain in most people, but their exact locations in individuals can be tremendously variable, as shown by the images above. Improved fMRI imaging techniques can help pinpoint key language areas on an individual basis.		Wessels lab David Kilper/WUSTL Photo
whale and bear		whitecap wave		wiens antarc. tent Image courtesy Doug Wiens		wiens antarctic Image courtesy of Doug Wiens
wireless telegraph Courtesy Missouri Historical Society Photographs and Prints Collections. Lee DeForest (seated) sending wireless telegraph message from the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Photograph, 1904.		Wooley in lab David Kilper/WUSTL Photo Karen L. Wooley (left) WUSTL James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Arts & Sciences, chemistry doctoral student Brooke Van Horn, and chemistry postdoctoral researcher Jinqi Xu, Ph.D., examine polymer samples in Wooley's McMillan Hall office. Wooley and her collaborators have mixed two normally incompatible polymers and have come up with nanoparticles that make a perfect host to serve guest molecules.		wysession diagram "How the Earth Works" is a boxed set of 48 30-minute video lectures developed and delivered by WUSTL's Michael E. Wysession. The lectures explore every aspect of the Earth and are designed to appeal to the curious lay public viewer.		wysession lecture Michael Wysession, WUSTL associate professor of earth and planetary sciences, bends a stack of colored cards to replicate the folding of the Earth's layers.
young scientist program Kevin Lowder/WUSTL Photo The Young Scientist Program at Washington University School of Medicine, which promotes science and scientific careers to high school students from disadvantaged backgrounds, will offer teaching demonstrations from the program from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the lobby of the McDonnell Pediatric Building.		yu and buhro		zinner in lab Photo by Joe Angeles / WUSTL Photo Ernst K. Zinner, Ph.D., research professor of physics and of earth and planetary sciences, and Ann Nguyen, a doctoral student in earth and planetary sciences, study a graphite grain in the NanoSIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer) lab.